selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver

The WebDriver implementation.

Functions

create_matches(options)

get_remote_connection(capabilities, ...[, ...])

import_cdp()

Classes

BaseWebDriver()

Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.

WebDriver([command_executor, keep_alive, ...])

Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server.

selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.import_cdp()[source]
selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.get_remote_connection(capabilities, command_executor, keep_alive, ignore_local_proxy=False)[source]
selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.create_matches(options: List[BaseOptions]) Dict[source]
class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.BaseWebDriver[source]

Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.

ABC’s allow custom implementations of Webdriver to be registered so that isinstance type checks will succeed.

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver(command_executor: str | RemoteConnection = 'http://127.0.0.1:4444', keep_alive: bool = True, file_detector: FileDetector | None = None, options: BaseOptions | List[BaseOptions] | None = None)[source]

Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server. This server is expected to be running the WebDriver wire protocol as defined at https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/.

Attributes:
  • session_id - String ID of the browser session started and controlled by this WebDriver.

  • capabilities - Dictionary of effective capabilities of this browser session as returned

    by the remote server. See https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/desired_capabilities/

  • command_executor - remote_connection.RemoteConnection object used to execute commands.

  • error_handler - errorhandler.ErrorHandler object used to handle errors.

Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.

Args:
  • command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom

    remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to ‘http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub’.

  • keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use

    HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to True.

  • file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,

    then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.

  • options - instance of a driver options.Options class

file_detector_context(file_detector_class, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Overrides the current file detector (if necessary) in limited context. Ensures the original file detector is set afterwards.

Example:

with webdriver.file_detector_context(UselessFileDetector):
    someinput.send_keys('/etc/hosts')
Args:
  • file_detector_class - Class of the desired file detector. If the class is different

    from the current file_detector, then the class is instantiated with args and kwargs and used as a file detector during the duration of the context manager.

  • args - Optional arguments that get passed to the file detector class during

    instantiation.

  • kwargs - Keyword arguments, passed the same way as args.

property mobile: Mobile
property name: str

Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.

Usage:
name = driver.name
start_client()[source]

Called before starting a new session.

This method may be overridden to define custom startup behavior.

stop_client()[source]

Called after executing a quit command.

This method may be overridden to define custom shutdown behavior.

start_session(capabilities: dict) None[source]

Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.

Args:
  • capabilities - a capabilities dict to start the session with.

create_web_element(element_id: str) WebElement[source]

Creates a web element with the specified element_id.

execute(driver_command: str, params: dict | None = None) dict[source]

Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.

Args:
  • driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.

  • params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.

Returns:

The command’s JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.

get(url: str) None[source]

Loads a web page in the current browser session.

property title: str

Returns the title of the current page.

Usage:
title = driver.title
pin_script(script: str, script_key=None) ScriptKey[source]

Store common javascript scripts to be executed later by a unique hashable ID.

unpin(script_key: ScriptKey) None[source]

Remove a pinned script from storage.

get_pinned_scripts() List[str][source]
execute_script(script, *args)[source]

Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

Args:
  • script: The JavaScript to execute.

  • *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

Usage:
driver.execute_script('return document.title;')
execute_async_script(script: str, *args)[source]

Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

Args:
  • script: The JavaScript to execute.

  • *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

Usage:
script = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1]; " \
         "window.setTimeout(function(){ callback('timeout') }, 3000);"
driver.execute_async_script(script)
property current_url: str

Gets the URL of the current page.

Usage:
driver.current_url
property page_source: str

Gets the source of the current page.

Usage:
driver.page_source
close() None[source]

Closes the current window.

Usage:
driver.close()
quit() None[source]

Quits the driver and closes every associated window.

Usage:
driver.quit()
property current_window_handle: str

Returns the handle of the current window.

Usage:
driver.current_window_handle
property window_handles: List[str]

Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.

Usage:
driver.window_handles
maximize_window() None[source]

Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using.

fullscreen_window() None[source]

Invokes the window manager-specific ‘full screen’ operation.

minimize_window() None[source]

Invokes the window manager-specific ‘minimize’ operation.

print_page(print_options: PrintOptions | None = None) str[source]

Takes PDF of the current page.

The driver makes a best effort to return a PDF based on the provided parameters.

property switch_to: SwitchTo
Returns:
  • SwitchTo: an object containing all options to switch focus into

Usage:
element = driver.switch_to.active_element
alert = driver.switch_to.alert
driver.switch_to.default_content()
driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name')
driver.switch_to.frame(1)
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")[0])
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
driver.switch_to.window('main')
back() None[source]

Goes one step backward in the browser history.

Usage:
driver.back()
forward() None[source]

Goes one step forward in the browser history.

Usage:
driver.forward()
refresh() None[source]

Refreshes the current page.

Usage:
driver.refresh()
get_cookies() List[dict][source]

Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.

Usage:
driver.get_cookies()

Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.

Usage:
driver.get_cookie('my_cookie')

Deletes a single cookie with the given name.

Usage:
driver.delete_cookie('my_cookie')
delete_all_cookies() None[source]

Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.

Usage:
driver.delete_all_cookies()

Adds a cookie to your current session.

Args:
  • cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - “name” and “value”;

    optional keys - “path”, “domain”, “secure”, “httpOnly”, “expiry”, “sameSite”

Usage:
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure' : True})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'sameSite' : 'Strict'})
implicitly_wait(time_to_wait: float) None[source]

Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found, or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one time per session. To set the timeout for calls to execute_async_script, see set_script_timeout.

Args:
  • time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)

Usage:
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
set_script_timeout(time_to_wait: float) None[source]

Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an execute_async_script call before throwing an error.

Args:
  • time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)

Usage:
driver.set_script_timeout(30)
set_page_load_timeout(time_to_wait: float) None[source]

Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete before throwing an error.

Args:
  • time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait

Usage:
driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
property timeouts: Timeouts

Get all the timeouts that have been set on the current session.

Usage:
driver.timeouts
Return type:

Timeout

find_element(by='id', value: str | None = None) WebElement[source]

Find an element given a By strategy and locator.

Usage:
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')
Return type:

WebElement

find_elements(by='id', value: str | None = None) List[WebElement][source]

Find elements given a By strategy and locator.

Usage:
elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')
Return type:

list of WebElement

property capabilities: dict

Returns the drivers current capabilities being used.

get_screenshot_as_file(filename) bool[source]

Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

Args:
  • filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This should end with a .png extension.

Usage:
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png')
save_screenshot(filename) bool[source]

Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

Args:
  • filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This should end with a .png extension.

Usage:
driver.save_screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
get_screenshot_as_png() bytes[source]

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.

Usage:
driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
get_screenshot_as_base64() str[source]

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string which is useful in embedded images in HTML.

Usage:
driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
set_window_size(width, height, windowHandle: str = 'current') None[source]

Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)

Args:
  • width: the width in pixels to set the window to

  • height: the height in pixels to set the window to

Usage:
driver.set_window_size(800,600)
get_window_size(windowHandle: str = 'current') dict[source]

Gets the width and height of the current window.

Usage:
driver.get_window_size()
set_window_position(x: float, y: float, windowHandle: str = 'current') dict[source]

Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)

Args:
  • x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position

  • y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position

Usage:
driver.set_window_position(0,0)
get_window_position(windowHandle='current') dict[source]

Gets the x,y position of the current window.

Usage:
driver.get_window_position()
get_window_rect() dict[source]

Gets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of the current window.

Usage:
driver.get_window_rect()
set_window_rect(x=None, y=None, width=None, height=None) dict[source]

Sets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of the current window. This method is only supported for W3C compatible browsers; other browsers should use set_window_position and set_window_size.

Usage:
driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10)
driver.set_window_rect(width=100, height=200)
driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10, width=100, height=200)
property file_detector: FileDetector
property orientation

Gets the current orientation of the device.

Usage:
orientation = driver.orientation
property log_types

Gets a list of the available log types. This only works with w3c compliant browsers.

Usage:
driver.log_types
get_log(log_type)[source]

Gets the log for a given log type.

Args:
  • log_type: type of log that which will be returned

Usage:
driver.get_log('browser')
driver.get_log('driver')
driver.get_log('client')
driver.get_log('server')
start_devtools()[source]
bidi_connection()[source]
property script
add_virtual_authenticator(options: VirtualAuthenticatorOptions) None[source]

Adds a virtual authenticator with the given options.

property virtual_authenticator_id: str

Returns the id of the virtual authenticator.

remove_virtual_authenticator() None[source]

Removes a previously added virtual authenticator.

The authenticator is no longer valid after removal, so no methods may be called.

add_credential(credential: Credential) None[source]

Injects a credential into the authenticator.

get_credentials() List[Credential][source]

Returns the list of credentials owned by the authenticator.

remove_credential(credential_id: str | bytearray) None[source]

Removes a credential from the authenticator.

remove_all_credentials() None[source]

Removes all credentials from the authenticator.

set_user_verified(verified: bool) None[source]

Sets whether the authenticator will simulate success or fail on user verification.

verified: True if the authenticator will pass user verification, False otherwise.

get_downloadable_files() dict[source]

Retrieves the downloadable files as a map of file names and their corresponding URLs.

download_file(file_name: str, target_directory: str) None[source]

Downloads a file with the specified file name to the target directory.

file_name: The name of the file to download. target_directory: The path to the directory to save the downloaded file.

delete_downloadable_files() None[source]

Deletes all downloadable files.