编写第一个Selenium脚本
逐步构建一个Selenium脚本的说明
当你完成 Selenium安装 后, 便可以开始书写Selenium脚本了.
八个基本组成部分
Selenium所做的一切, 就是发送给浏览器命令, 用以执行某些操作或为信息发送请求. 您将使用Selenium执行的大部分操作, 都是以下基本命令的组合
点击 “View full example on GitHub” 的链接以查看上下文中的代码.
1. 使用驱动实例开启会话
关于如何启动会话，请浏览我们的文档 驱动会话
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
driver = webdriver.Chrome()examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chromeexamples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
driver = ChromeDriver()examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}2. 在浏览器上执行操作
在本例中, 我们 导航 到一个网页.
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')examples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}3. 请求 浏览器信息
您可以请求一系列关于浏览器的信息 , 包括窗口句柄、浏览器尺寸/位置、cookie、警报等.
driver.getTitle();examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
title = driver.titleexamples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
var title = driver.Title;examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}driver.titleexamples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
let title = await driver.getTitle();examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
val title = driver.titleexamples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}4. 建立等待策略
将代码与浏览器的当前状态同步 是Selenium面临的最大挑战之一, 做好它是一个高级主题.
基本上, 您希望在尝试定位元素之前, 确保该元素位于页面上, 并且在尝试与该元素交互之前, 该元素处于可交互状态.
隐式等待很少是最好的解决方案, 但在这里最容易演示, 所以我们将使用它作为占位符.
阅读更多关于等待策略 的信息.
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500examples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}5. 发送命令 查找元素
大多数Selenium会话中的主要命令都与元素相关, 如果不先找到元素, 就无法与之交互.
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')examples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}6. 操作元素
对于一个元素, 只有少数几个操作可以执行, 但您将经常使用它们.
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.clickexamples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}7. 获取元素信息
元素存储了很多被请求的信息.
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.textexamples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.textexamples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}8. 结束会话
这将结束驱动程序进程, 默认情况下, 该进程也会关闭浏览器. 无法向此驱动程序实例发送更多命令.
driver.quit();examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
driver.quit()examples/python/tests/getting_started/first_script.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
title = driver.title
driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text
driver.quit()
driver.Quit();examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
}driver.quitexamples/ruby/spec/getting_started/first_script.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')
driver.title
driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500
text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')
text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click
message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text
driver.quit
await driver.quit();examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
driver.quit()examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}运行 Selenium 文件
mvn exec:java -D"exec.mainClass"="dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript" -D"exec.classpathScope"=testexamples/java/README.md
# Running Selenium Java Tests
The following steps will guide you on how to
run Selenium Java tests using a repository
of `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` examples.
## Initial Setup
### Prerequisites
Ensure that Java Development Kit (JDK) and Maven
are installed on your system. If they are not installed,
you will need to download and install them. You can
find detailed installation guides for both on their
respective official sites.
### Clone the repository
First, we need to get the Selenium Java examples
on your local machine. This can be done by
cloning the `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` Git repository.
Run the following command in your terminal:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```
## Navigate to the java directory
After cloning the repository, navigate into the
directory where the Selenium Java examples are
located. Run the following command:
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/java
```
## Running the Tests
### Install dependencies
Before running the tests, we need to install all
necessary dependencies. Maven, a software
project management tool, can do this for us.
Run the following command:
```bash
mvn test-compile
```
### Run all tests
To verify if everything is installed correctly and
functioning properly, we should run all
available tests. This can be done with the following command:
```bash
mvn test
```
Please be patient! If this is your first time running these tests,
it might take a while to download and verify all necessary browser drivers.
## Execute a specific example
To run a specific Selenium Java example, use the following command:
```bash
mvn exec:java -D"exec.mainClass"="dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript" -D"exec.classpathScope"=test
```
Make sure to replace `dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript` with the path and name of the example you want to run.```examples/python/README.md
# Running tests from Selenium Python examples
#### 1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```
#### 2. Navigate to `python` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/python
```
#### 3. Create a virtual environment
- On Windows:
```
py -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
```
- On Linux/Mac:
```
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```
#### 4. Install dependencies:
```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
> for help, see: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages
#### 5. Run tests
- Run all tests with the default Python interpreter:
```
pytest
```
- Run all tests with every installed/supported Python interpreter:
```
tox
```
> Please have some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to download the browser drivers
- Run a specific example:
```
pytest path/to/test_script.py
```
> Make sure to replace `path/to/test_script.py` with the path and name of the example you want to run
ruby example_script.rbexamples/ruby/README.md
# Running all tests from Selenium ruby example
Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium ruby
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```
2. Navigate to `ruby` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/ruby
```
3. Install dependencies using bundler
```
bundler install
```
4. Run all tests
```
bundle exec rspec
```
> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers
# Execute a ruby script
Use this command to run a ruby script and follow the first script example
```
ruby example_script.rb
```node example_script.spec.jsexamples/javascript/README.md
# Running all tests from Selenium javascript example
Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium javascript
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```
2. Navigate to `javascript` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/javascript
```
3. Install dependencies using node
```
npm install
```
4. Run all all tests
```
npm test
```
> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers
# Execute a javascript test
Use this command to run a JavaScript and follow the first script example
```
node example_script.spec.js
```接下来的步骤
大多数 Selenium 用户执行许多会话， 需要组织它们以最大限度地减少重复并维持代码更易于维护. 请继续阅读，了解如何将此代码放入您用例的上下文中 使用 Selenium.
最后修改 March 9, 2025: fix line numbers for first script [deploy site] (7eecdbd24e6)
