Chrome specific functionality

默认情况下，Selenium 4与Chrome v75及更高版本兼容. 但是请注意Chrome浏览器的版本与chromedriver的主版本需要匹配.

Options

所有浏览器的通用功能请看这 Options page.

Chrome浏览器的特有功能可以在谷歌的页面找到: Capabilities & ChromeOptions

基于默认选项的Chrome浏览器会话看起来是这样:

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    driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
  }

    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

            var options = new ChromeOptions();
            driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options

      const Options = new Chrome.Options();
      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(Options)
        .build();

下面是一些不同功能的常见示例:

参数

The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser. There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:

• Chrome Flags for Tooling
• List of Chromium Command Line Switches

Commonly used args include --start-maximized, --headless=new and --user-data-dir=...

Add an argument to options:

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    options.add_argument("--start-maximized")

            options.AddArgument("--start-maximized");

      options.args << '--start-maximized'

      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(options.addArguments('--headless=new'))
        .build();

从指定位置启动浏览器

binary 参数接收一个使用浏览器的备用路径,通过这个参数你可以使用chromedriver 去驱动各种基于Chromium 内核的浏览器.

添加一个浏览器地址到选项中:

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    options.binary_location = chrome_bin

            options.BinaryLocation = GetChromeLocation();

      options.binary = chrome_location

      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(options.setChromeBinaryPath(`Path to chrome binary`))
        .build();

添加扩展程序

extensions 参数接受crx文件. As for unpacked directories, please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in this post.

添加一个扩展程序到选项中:

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    options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

            options.AddExtension(extensionFilePath);

      options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

      const options = new Chrome.Options();
      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(options.addExtensions(['./test/resources/extensions/webextensions-selenium-example.crx']))
        .build();

保持浏览器的打开状态

将 detach 参数设置为true将在驱动过程结束后保持浏览器的打开状态.

添加一个布尔值到选项中:

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    options.add_experimental_option("detach", True)

      options.detach = true

      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(options.detachDriver(true))
        .build();

排除的参数

Chrome 添加了各种参数，如果你不希望添加某些参数，可以将其传入 excludeSwitches. 一个常见的例子是重新打开弹出窗口阻止程序. A full list of default arguments can be parsed from the Chromium Source Code

设置排除参数至选项中:

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    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['disable-popup-blocking'])

            options.AddExcludedArgument("disable-popup-blocking");

      options.exclude_switches << 'disable-popup-blocking'

      let driver = await env
        .builder()
        .setChromeOptions(options.excludeSwitches('enable-automation'))
        .build();

Service

Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the Driver Service page.

Log output

Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.

File output

To change the logging output to save to a specific file:

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        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogFile(logLocation).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(log_output=log_path)

            service.LogPath = GetLogLocation();

      service.log = file_name

Console output

To change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:

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        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogOutput(System.out).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.log = $stdout

Log level

There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF. Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF, so this example is just setting the log level generically:

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        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogLevel(ChromiumDriverLogLevel.DEBUG).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--log-level=DEBUG'], log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.args << '--log-level=DEBUG'

Log file features

There are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:

• append log
• readable timestamps

To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.

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        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withAppendLog(true).withReadableTimestamp(true).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--append-log', '--readable-timestamp'], log_output=log_path)

      service.args << '--append-log'
      service.args << '--readable-timestamp'

Disabling build check

Chromedriver and Chrome browser versions should match, and if they don’t the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Chrome. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.

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        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withBuildCheckDisabled(true).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--disable-build-check'], log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

            service.DisableBuildCheck = true;

      service.args << '--disable-build-check'

Special Features

Casting

你可以驱动 Chrome Cast 设备，包括共享选项卡

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网络条件

您可以模拟各种网络条件.

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.

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Logs

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Permissions

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DevTools

See the Chrome DevTools section for more information about using Chrome DevTools