Teclado

A representation of any key input device for interacting with a web page.

Keyboard representa um evento do teclado. As ações do teclado são executadas usando uma interface de baixo nível que nos permite fornecer entrada de dispositivo virtualizado para o navegador da web.

Keys

In addition to the keys represented by regular unicode, unicode values have been assigned to other keyboard keys for use with Selenium. Each language has its own way to reference these keys; the full list can be found here.

Key down

O keyDown é usado para simular a ação de pressionar uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
  // Navigate to Url
  driver.get("https://google.com");

  // Enter "webdriver" text and perform "ENTER" keyboard action
  driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("webdriver" + Keys.ENTER);

  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);
  Action keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a").build();
  keydown.perform();
} finally {
  driver.quit();
}
  
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    # Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

    # Enter "webdriver" text and perform "ENTER" keyboard action
driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q").send_keys("webdriver" + Keys.ENTER)

    # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys("a").perform()
  
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try
{
  // Navigate to Url
  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://google.com");

  // Enter "webdriver" text and perform "ENTER" keyboard action
  driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")).SendKeys("webdriver" + Keys.Enter);

  // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page
  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);
  IAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys("a").Build();
  keydown.Perform();
}
finally
{
  driver.Quit();
}
  
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
    # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://google.com'

    # Enter "webdriver" text and perform "ENTER" keyboard action
  driver.find_element(name: 'q').send_keys 'webdriver', :return

    # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page
  driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys('a').perform

ensure
  driver.quit
end
  
const {Builder, By, Key} = require('selenium-webdriver');

(async function example() {
    let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
    try {
        // Navigate to Url
        await driver.get('https://www.google.com');

        // Enter text "webdriver" and perform keyboard action "Enter"
        await driver.findElement(By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver', Key.ENTER);

        // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page
        await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys('a').perform();
    }
    finally {
        await driver.quit();
    }
})();
Check code on GitHub
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

fun main() {
  val driver = ChromeDriver()
  try {
    // Navigate to Url
    driver.get("https://google.com")

    // Enter "webdriver" text and perform "ENTER" keyboard action
    driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("webdriver" + Keys.ENTER)
    val action = Actions(driver)

    // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page
    action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a").build().perform()
  } finally {
    driver.quit()
  }
}

Key up

O keyUp é usado para simular a liberação de uma tecla (ou) de uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class HelloSelenium {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    try {
      // Navigate to Url
      driver.get("https://google.com");
      Actions action = new Actions(driver);

      // Store google search box WebElement
      WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

      // Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
      action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,"qwerty").keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("qwerty").perform();
    } finally {
      driver.quit();
    }
  }
}
  
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    # Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

    # Store google search box WebElement
search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")

action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)

    # Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, "qwerty").key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys("qwerty").perform()
  
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace HelloSelenium
{
  class HelloSelenium
  {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
      try
      {
        // Navigate to Url
        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://google.com");

        Actions action = new Actions(driver);
        // Store google search box WebElement
        IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name("q"));

        // Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
        action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, "qwerty").KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys("qwerty").Perform();

      }
      finally {
        driver.Quit();
      }
    }
  }
}

  
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
    # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://google.com'

    # Store google search box WebElement
  search = driver.find_element(name: 'q')

    # Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
  driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,'qwerty').key_up(:shift).send_keys("qwerty").perform

ensure
  driver.quit
end
  
const {Builder, By, Key} = require('selenium-webdriver');
(async function example() {
    let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('firefox').build();
    try {
        // Navigate to Url
        await driver.get('https://www.google.com');

        // Store google search box WebElement
        let search = driver.findElement(By.name('q'));

        // Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
        await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys("qwerty").keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys("qwerty").perform();
    }
    finally {
        await driver.quit();
    }
})();
Check code on GitHub
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

fun main() {
  val driver = ChromeDriver()
  try {
    // Navigate to Url
    driver.get("https://google.com")

    // Store google search box WebElement
    val search = driver.findElement(By.name("q"))
    val action = Actions(driver)

    // Enters text "qwerty" with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)
    action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, "qwerty").keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("qwerty").build().perform()
  } finally {
    driver.quit()
  }
}

Send keys

This is a convenience method in the Actions API that combines keyDown and keyUp commands in one action. Executing this command differs slightly from using the element method.

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
try {

// Navigate to the url
driver.get("https://google.com");

// Create an object of Action class
Actions action = new Actions(driver);

// Find google search box element
WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

// Send value by action class to the search box
action.sendKeys(search, "Selenium").perform();

// Perform Keyboard action by Action class
action.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform();

} finally {
driver.quit();
}
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py/genindex.html")

search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")

action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)
action.move_to_element(search).click().send_keys("send_keys", Keys.ENTER).perform()
# Help us with a PR for code sample
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://google.com'
  # Store google search box WebElement
  search = driver.find_element(name: 'q')
  # Get focus on Search
  driver.execute_script('arguments[0].focus()', search)
  # Send value by action class to the search box
  driver.action.send_keys('Selenium').perform
  # Perform Keyboard action by Action class
  driver.action.send_keys(:enter).perform
ensure
  driver.quit
end
const {Builder, By, Key} = require('selenium-webdriver');

(async function sendKeysExample() {
  let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  try {
    // Navigate to the url
    await driver.get('https://google.com');
    // Find google search box element
    let search = driver.findElement(By.name('q'));
    // get focus on Search
    await driver.executeScript('arguments[0].focus()', search)
    // Send value by action class to the search box
    await driver.actions().sendKeys('Selenium').perform();
    // Perform Keyboard action by Action class
    await driver.actions().sendKeys(Key.ENTER).perform();
  }
  finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
})();
Check code on GitHub
# Help us with a PR for code sample


Última modificação May 20, 2022: [rb] Adding sendKeys action code sample [deploy site] (5782d0be750)