IDE (Integrated Development Environment: 統合開発環境)はSeleniumのテストケースを開発するためのツールです。
これは利用しやすいChromeとFirefoxの拡張機能であり、テストケースを開発するための一般に最も効率的なツールです。
IDEはあなたのブラウザ上で、その要素で定義されたパラメーターと共にSeleniumのコマンドを使いユーザーの動作を記録します。
これは時間の節約だけでなく、Seleniumスクリプトのシンタックスを学ぶための優れた方法です。
ドライバーは、ChromeDriver for GoogleのChrome/Chromium、MozillaのFirefox用GeckoDriverなどブラウザー固有のものです。
ドライバーはブラウザと同じシステムで動きます。これは、テスト自体を実行するところが同じシステムである場合とそうでない場合があります。
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Selenium controla los navegadores web
Selenium significa muchas cosas pero en su núcleo, es un conjunto
de herramientas para la automatización de navegadores web que utiliza
las mejores técnicas disponibles para controlar remotamente las
instancias de los navegadores y emular la interacción del usuario con
el navegador.
Permite a los usuarios simular interacciones básicas realizadas por
los usuarios finales; insertando texto en los campos, seleccionando
valores de menús desplegables y casillas de verificación, y haciendo
clics en los enlaces de los documentos. También provee muchos otros
controles tales como el movimiento del mouse, la ejecución arbitraria
de JavaScript, y mucho más.
A pesar de que es usado principalmente para pruebas de front-end de
sitios webs, Selenium es en esencia una librería de agente de
usuario para el navegador. Las interfaces son ubicuas a su
aplicación, lo que fomenta la composición con otras librerías para
adaptarse a su propósito.
Una interfaz para gobernarlos a todos
Uno de los principios fundamentales del proyecto es permitir una
interfaz común para todas las tecnologías de los (principales)
navegadores. Los navegadores web son aplicaciones increíblemente
complejas y de mucha ingeniería, realizando operaciones completamente
diferentes pero que usualmente se ven iguales al hacerlo. Aunque el
texto se presente con las mismas fuentes, las imágenes se muestren en
el mismo lugar y los enlaces te llevan al mismo destino. Lo que
sucede por debajo es tan diferente como la noche y el día. Selenium
abstrae estas diferencias, ocultando sus detalles y complejidades a
la persona que escribe el código. Esto le permite escribir varias
líneas de código para realizar un flujo de trabajo complicado, pero
estas mismas líneas se ejecutarán en Firefox, Internet Explorer,
Chrome y los demás navegadores compatibles.
Herramientas y soporte
El diseño minimalista de Selenium le da la versatilidad para que se
pueda incluir como un componente en otras aplicaciones. La
infraestructura proporcionada debajo del catálogo de Selenium te da
las herramientas para que puedas ensamblar tu grid de
navegadores de modo que tus pruebas
se puedan ejecutar en diferentes navegadores a través de diferente
sistemas operativos y plataformas.
Imagina un banco de computadores en tu sala de servidores o en un
centro de datos, todos ejecutando navegadores al mismo tiempo e
interactuando con los enlaces en tu sitio web, formularios, y
tablas—probando tu aplicación 24 horas al día. A través de la
sencilla interfaz de programación proporcionada para los lenguajes
más comunes, estas pruebas se ejecutarán incansablemente en paralelo,
reportando cuando ocurran errores.
Es un objetivo ayudar a que esto sea una realidad para ti,
proporcionando a los usuarios herramientas y documentación para
controlar no solo los navegadores pero también para facilitar la
escalabilidad e implementación de tales grids.
Quien utiliza Selenium
Muchas de las empresas más importantes del mundo han adoptado
Selenium para sus pruebas basadas en navegador, a menudo reemplazando
esfuerzos de años que involucran otras herramientas propietarias. A
medida que ha crecido en popularidad, también se han multiplicado sus
requisitos y desafíos.
A medida que la web se vuelve más complicada y se agregan nuevas
tecnologías a los sitios web, la misión de este proyecto es
mantenerse al día con ellos siempre que sea posible. Siendo un
proyecto de código abierto, este apoyo se sustenta a través de la
donación generosa de tiempo de muchos voluntarios, cada uno de los
cuales tiene un “trabajo diurno”.
Otra misión del proyecto es alentar a más voluntarios a participar en
este esfuerzo, y construir una comunidad fuerte para que el proyecto
pueda seguir el ritmo de las tecnologías emergentes y seguir siendo
una plataforma dominante para la automatización de pruebas
funcionales.
# Using package managerInstall-Package Selenium.WebDriver
# or using .Net CLIdotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
Supported .NET Versions
Make sure to use the .NET SDK version compatible with relevant Selenium package.
Check the dependencies section to find out the supported .NET version.
At the time of this update, .NET 5.0 (Visual Studio 2019) is known to be supported, and .NET 6.0 is not supported.
You can download MSBuild Tools 2019 from here to install the needed components and dependencies such as .NET SDK and NuGet Package Manager.
Using Visual Studio Code (vscode) and C#
This is a quick guide to help you get started with vscode and C#, however, more research may be required.
Install the compatible .NET SDK as per the section above.
Also install the vscode extensions (Ctrl-Shift-X) for C# and NuGet.
Follow the instruction here
to create and run the “Hello World” console project using C#.
You may also create a NUnit starter project using the command line dotnet new NUnit.
Make sure the file %appdata%\NuGet\nuget.config is configured properly as some developers reported that it will be empty due to some issues.
If nuget.config is empty, or not configured properly, then .NET builds will fail for Selenium Projects.
Add the following section to the file nuget.config if it is empty:
For more info about nuget.configclick here.
You may have to customize nuget.config to meet you needs.
Now, go back to vscode, press Ctrl-Shift-P, and type “NuGet Add Package”, and enter the required Selenium packages such as Selenium.WebDriver.
Press Enter and select the version.
Now you can use the examples in the documentation related to C# with vscode.
Note: The Opera driver does not support w3c syntax, so we recommend using chromedriver to work with Opera.
See the code example for opening an Opera browser
// Use WebDriver Manager: https://github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager
// Import WebDriver Manager:
importio.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;// Call setup() method for the browser driver you want:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();// Initialize your driver as you normally would:
ChromeDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();
# Use Webdriver Manager for Python: https://github.com/SergeyPirogov/webdriver_manager# Import code:fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromwebdriver_manager.chromeimportChromeDriverManagerfromselenium.webdriver.chrome.serviceimportService# Use the `install()` method to set `executabe_path` in a new `Service` instance:service=Service(executable_path=ChromeDriverManager().install())# Pass in the `Service` instance with the `service` keyword: driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
// Use WebDriver Manager Package: https://github.com/rosolko/WebDriverManager.Net// Import the dependencies:usingWebDriverManager;usingWebDriverManager.DriverConfigs.Impl;// Use the `SetUpDriver()` which requires a config class:newDriverManager().SetUpDriver(newChromeConfig());// Initialize your driver as you normally would:vardriver=newChromeDriver()
# Use webdrivers gem: https://github.com/titusfortner/webdrivers# Add gem to Gemfile:gem'webdrivers','~> 5.0'# Require webdrivers in your project:require'webdrivers'# Initialize driver as you normally would:driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome
// There is not a recommended driver manager for JavaScript at this time
// Use WebDriverManager: https://github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager
// Import the library
importio.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager// Call the setup method before initializing the driver as you normally would:
funchrome():WebDriver{WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup()returnChromeDriver()}
Starting ChromeDriver 95.0.4638.54 (d31a821ec901f68d0d34ccdbaea45b4c86ce543e-refs/branch-heads/4638@{#871}) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Microsoft Edgeは、サポートされている最も古いバージョンのv79を使用してChromiumで実装されています。
Chromeと同様に、Edgeのバージョンとedgedriverのバージョンはメジャーバージョンと一致する必要があります。
該当するダウンロードリンクについては、クイックリファレンスを参照してください。
Seleniumプロジェクトは、 Microsoftがカレントバージョンとみなすもの
と同じリリースをサポートすることを目的としています。
古いリリースは機能する可能性がありますが、サポートされません。
Internet Explorer 11は、2022年6月15日にWindows 10を含む特定のオペレーティングシステムのサポートを終了することに注意してください。Edgeには、引き続きサポートされるIE互換モードがあります。
IEドライバーは、Seleniumプロジェクトによって直接維持される唯一のドライバーです。
Internet Explorerの32ビットバージョンと64ビットバージョンの両方のバイナリを使用できますが、
64ビットドライバーにはいくつかの制限があります。
そのため、32ビットドライバを使用することをお勧めします。
Internet Explorerの設定はログインしたユーザーのアカウントに対して保存されるため、追加の設定が必要になることに注意してください。
Typically, browsers are started with specific options that describe
which capabilities the browser must support, and how the browser should
behave during the session. Some capabilities are
shared by all browsers, and
some will be specific to the browser being used.
This page will show examples of starting a browser with the default capabilities.
By default, Selenium 4 is compatible with Chrome v75 and greater. Note that the version of
the Chrome browser and the version of chromedriver must match the major version.
Microsoft Edge is implemented with Chromium, with the earliest supported version of v79. Similar to Chrome,
the major version number of edgedriver must match the major version of the Edge browser.
The IE Driver is the only driver maintained by the Selenium Project directly.
While binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit
versions of Internet Explorer are available, there are some
limitations
with the 64-bit driver. As such it is recommended to use the 32-bit driver.
Legacy
The Selenium project aims to support the same releases that
Microsoft considers current.
Older releases may work, but will not be supported. Note that Internet Explorer 11 will end support for certain
operating systems, including Windows 10 on June 15, 2022.
It should be noted that as Internet Explorer
preferences are saved against the logged-in user’s account, some additional setup is required.
Additional information about using Internet Explorer can be found
on the Selenium wiki
Since the opera driver does not support w3c syntax, but is based on Chromium, it is recommended
to drive Opera browser with the chromedriver. Like all Chromium implementations,
make sure that the browser version matches the driver version.
Unlike Chromium and Firefox drivers, the safaridriver is installed with the Operating System.
To enable automation on Safari, run the following command from the terminal:
Synchronizing the code with the current state of the browser is one of the biggest challenges
with Selenium, and doing it well is an advanced topic.
Essentially you want to make sure that the element is on the page before you attempt to locate it
and the element is in an interactable state before you attempt to interact with it.
An implicit wait is rarely the best solution, but it’s the easiest to demonstrate here, so
we’ll use it as a placeholder.
Elements store a lot of information that can be requested.
Notice that we need to relocate the search box because the DOM has changed since we first located it.
<dependencies><!-- more dependencies ... --><dependency><groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId><artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId><version>3.141.59</version></dependency><!-- more dependencies ... --></dependencies>
After
<dependencies><!-- more dependencies ... --><dependency><groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId><artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId><version>4.0.0</version></dependency><!-- more dependencies ... --></dependencies>
fromseleniumimportwebdriverPROXY="<HOST:PORT>"webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX['proxy']={"httpProxy":PROXY,"ftpProxy":PROXY,"sslProxy":PROXY,"proxyType":"MANUAL",}withwebdriver.Firefox()asdriver:# Open URLdriver.get("https://selenium.dev")
# this code was written with Selenium 4proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'<HOST:PORT>')cap=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy:proxy)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome,capabilities:cap)driver.get('http://google.com')
const{Builder}=require("selenium-webdriver");constfirefox=require('selenium-webdriver/firefox');constoptions=newfirefox.Options();letprofile='/path to custom profile';options.setProfile(profile);constdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('firefox').setFirefoxOptions(options).build();
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See an example alert")).click();//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable
Alertalert=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());//Store the alert text in a variable
Stringtext=alert.getText();//Press the OK button
alert.accept();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"See an example alert").click()# Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variablealert=wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present())# Store the alert text in a variabletext=alert.text# Press the OK buttonalert.accept()
//Click the link to activate the alertdriver.FindElement(By.LinkText("See an example alert")).Click();//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variableIAlertalert=wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent());//Store the alert text in a variablestringtext=alert.Text;//Press the OK buttonalert.Accept();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(:link_text,'See an example alert').click# Store the alert reference in a variablealert=driver.switch_to.alert# Store the alert text in a variablealert_text=alert.text# Press on OK buttonalert.accept
//Click the link to activate the alert
awaitdriver.findElement(By.linkText('See an example alert')).click();// Wait for the alert to be displayed
awaitdriver.wait(until.alertIsPresent());// Store the alert in a variable
letalert=awaitdriver.switchTo().alert();//Store the alert text in a variable
letalertText=awaitalert.getText();//Press the OK button
awaitalert.accept();// Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See an example alert")).click()//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable
valalert=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent())//Store the alert text in a variable
valtext=alert.getText()//Press the OK button
alert.accept()
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See a sample confirm")).click();//Wait for the alert to be displayed
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());//Store the alert in a variable
Alertalert=driver.switchTo().alert();//Store the alert in a variable for reuse
Stringtext=alert.getText();//Press the Cancel button
alert.dismiss();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"See a sample confirm").click()# Wait for the alert to be displayedwait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present())# Store the alert in a variable for reusealert=driver.switch_to.alert# Store the alert text in a variabletext=alert.text# Press the Cancel buttonalert.dismiss()
//Click the link to activate the alertdriver.FindElement(By.LinkText("See a sample confirm")).Click();//Wait for the alert to be displayedwait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent());//Store the alert in a variableIAlertalert=driver.SwitchTo().Alert();//Store the alert in a variable for reusestringtext=alert.Text;//Press the Cancel buttonalert.Dismiss();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(:link_text,'See a sample confirm').click# Store the alert reference in a variablealert=driver.switch_to.alert# Store the alert text in a variablealert_text=alert.text# Press on Cancel buttonalert.dismiss
//Click the link to activate the alert
awaitdriver.findElement(By.linkText('See a sample confirm')).click();// Wait for the alert to be displayed
awaitdriver.wait(until.alertIsPresent());// Store the alert in a variable
letalert=awaitdriver.switchTo().alert();//Store the alert text in a variable
letalertText=awaitalert.getText();//Press the Cancel button
awaitalert.dismiss();// Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See a sample confirm")).click()//Wait for the alert to be displayed
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent())//Store the alert in a variable
valalert=driver.switchTo().alert()//Store the alert in a variable for reuse
valtext=alert.text//Press the Cancel button
alert.dismiss()
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See a sample prompt")).click();//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable
Alertalert=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());//Type your message
alert.sendKeys("Selenium");//Press the OK button
alert.accept();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"See a sample prompt").click()# Wait for the alert to be displayedwait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present())# Store the alert in a variable for reusealert=Alert(driver)# Type your messagealert.send_keys("Selenium")# Press the OK buttonalert.accept()
//Click the link to activate the alertdriver.FindElement(By.LinkText("See a sample prompt")).Click();//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variableIAlertalert=wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent());//Type your messagealert.SendKeys("Selenium");//Press the OK buttonalert.Accept();
# Click the link to activate the alertdriver.find_element(:link_text,'See a sample prompt').click# Store the alert reference in a variablealert=driver.switch_to.alert# Type a messagealert.send_keys("selenium")# Press on Ok buttonalert.accept
//Click the link to activate the alert
awaitdriver.findElement(By.linkText('See a sample prompt')).click();// Wait for the alert to be displayed
awaitdriver.wait(until.alertIsPresent());// Store the alert in a variable
letalert=awaitdriver.switchTo().alert();//Type your message
awaitalert.sendKeys("Selenium");//Press the OK button
awaitalert.accept();//Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function
//Click the link to activate the alert
driver.findElement(By.linkText("See a sample prompt")).click()//Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable
valalert=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent())//Type your message
alert.sendKeys("Selenium")//Press the OK button
alert.accept()
importorg.openqa.selenium.*;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassaddCookie{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{driver.get("http://www.example.com");// Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("key","value"));}finally{driver.quit();}}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()driver.get("http://www.example.com")# Adds the cookie into current browser contextdriver.add_cookie({"name":"key","value":"value"})
usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceAddCookie{classAddCookie{publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){IWebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{// Navigate to Urldriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com");// Adds the cookie into current browser contextdriver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("key","value"));}finally{driver.Quit();}}}}
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'# Adds the cookie into current browser contextdriver.manage.add_cookie(name:"key",value:"value")ensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctionexample(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// set a cookie on the current domain
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'key',value:'value'});awaitdriver.quit();})();
importorg.openqa.selenium.Cookieimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverfunmain(){valdriver=ChromeDriver()try{driver.get("https://example.com")// Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("key","value"))}finally{driver.quit()}}
importorg.openqa.selenium.*;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassgetCookieNamed{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{driver.get("http://www.example.com");driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("foo","bar"));// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
Cookiecookie1=driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");System.out.println(cookie1);}finally{driver.quit();}}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()# Navigate to urldriver.get("http://www.example.com")# Adds the cookie into current browser contextdriver.add_cookie({"name":"foo","value":"bar"})# Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'print(driver.get_cookie("foo"))
usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceGetCookieNamed{classGetCookieNamed{publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){IWebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{// Navigate to Urldriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com");driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("foo","bar"));// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'varcookie=driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed("foo");System.Console.WriteLine(cookie);}finally{driver.Quit();}}}}
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"foo",value:"bar")# Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'putsdriver.manage.cookie_named('foo')ensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctiongetCookieByName(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// set a cookie on the current domain
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'foo',value:'bar'});// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
awaitdriver.manage().getCookie('foo').then(function(cookie){console.log('cookie details => ',cookie);});awaitdriver.quit();})();
importorg.openqa.selenium.Cookieimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverfunmain(){valdriver=ChromeDriver()try{driver.get("https://example.com")driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("foo","bar"))// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
valcookie=driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo")println(cookie)}finally{driver.quit()}}
importorg.openqa.selenium.*;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;importjava.util.Set;publicclassgetAllCookies{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{driver.get("http://www.example.com");// Add few cookies
driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("test2","cookie2"));// Get All available cookies
Set<Cookie>cookies=driver.manage().getCookies();System.out.println(cookies);}finally{driver.quit();}}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()# Navigate to urldriver.get("http://www.example.com")driver.add_cookie({"name":"test1","value":"cookie1"})driver.add_cookie({"name":"test2","value":"cookie2"})# Get all available cookiesprint(driver.get_cookies())
usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceGetAllCookies{classGetAllCookies{publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){IWebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{// Navigate to Urldriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com");driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("test2","cookie2"));// Get All available cookiesvarcookies=driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies;}finally{driver.Quit();}}}}
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test1",value:"cookie1")driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test2",value:"cookie2")# Get all available cookiesputsdriver.manage.all_cookiesensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctiongetAllCookies(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// Add few cookies
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test1',value:'cookie1'});awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test2',value:'cookie2'});// Get all Available cookies
awaitdriver.manage().getCookies().then(function(cookies){console.log('cookie details => ',cookies);});awaitdriver.quit()})();
importorg.openqa.selenium.Cookieimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverfunmain(){valdriver=ChromeDriver()try{driver.get("https://example.com")driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1","cookie1"))driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2","cookie2"))// Get All available cookies
valcookies=driver.manage().cookiesprintln(cookies)}finally{driver.quit()}}
importorg.openqa.selenium.*;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassdeleteCookie{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{driver.get("http://www.example.com");driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));Cookiecookie1=newCookie("test2","cookie2");driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1);// delete a cookie with name 'test1'
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1");/*
Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete
cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context
*/driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1);}finally{driver.quit();}}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()# Navigate to urldriver.get("http://www.example.com")driver.add_cookie({"name":"test1","value":"cookie1"})driver.add_cookie({"name":"test2","value":"cookie2"})# Delete a cookie with name 'test1'driver.delete_cookie("test1")
usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceDeleteCookie{classDeleteCookie{publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){IWebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{// Navigate to Urldriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com");driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));varcookie=newCookie("test2","cookie2");driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie);// delete a cookie with name 'test1' driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed("test1");// Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete// cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing contextdriver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie);}finally{driver.Quit();}}}}
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test1",value:"cookie1")driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test2",value:"cookie2")# delete a cookie with name 'test1'driver.manage.delete_cookie('test1')ensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctiondeleteCookie(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();try{awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// Add few cookies
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test1',value:'cookie1'});awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test2',value:'cookie2'});// Delete a cookie with name 'test1'
awaitdriver.manage().deleteCookie('test1');// Get all Available cookies
awaitdriver.manage().getCookies().then(function(cookies){console.log('cookie details => ',cookies);});awaitdriver.quit();}catch(e){console.log(e)}})();
importorg.openqa.selenium.Cookieimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverfunmain(){valdriver=ChromeDriver()try{driver.get("https://example.com")driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1","cookie1"))valcookie1=Cookie("test2","cookie2")driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1)// delete a cookie with name 'test1'
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1")// delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.
driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1)}finally{driver.quit()}}
importorg.openqa.selenium.*;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassdeleteAllCookies{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{driver.get("http://www.example.com");driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));driver.manage().addCookie(newCookie("test2","cookie2"));// deletes all cookies
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();}finally{driver.quit();}}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()# Navigate to urldriver.get("http://www.example.com")driver.add_cookie({"name":"test1","value":"cookie1"})driver.add_cookie({"name":"test2","value":"cookie2"})# Deletes all cookiesdriver.delete_all_cookies()
usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceDeleteAllCookies{classDeleteAllCookies{publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){IWebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();try{// Navigate to Urldriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com");driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("test1","cookie1"));driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(newCookie("test2","cookie2"));// deletes all cookiesdriver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies();}finally{driver.Quit();}}}}
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test1",value:"cookie1")driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"test2",value:"cookie2")# deletes all cookiesdriver.manage.delete_all_cookiesensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctionexample(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();try{awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// Add few cookies
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test1',value:'cookie1'});awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'test2',value:'cookie2'});// Delete all cookies
awaitdriver.manage().deleteAllCookies();awaitdriver.quit();}catch(e){console.log(e)}})();
importorg.openqa.selenium.Cookieimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverfunmain(){valdriver=ChromeDriver()try{driver.get("https://example.com")driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1","cookie1"))driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2","cookie2"))// deletes all cookies
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies()}finally{driver.quit()}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverdriver=webdriver.Chrome()driver.get("http://www.example.com")# Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'driver.add_cookie({"name":"foo","value":"value",'sameSite':'Strict'})driver.add_cookie({"name":"foo1","value":"value",'sameSite':'Lax'})cookie1=driver.get_cookie('foo')cookie2=driver.get_cookie('foo1')print(cookie1)print(cookie2)
require'selenium-webdriver'driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chromebegindriver.get'https://www.example.com'# Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"foo",value:"bar",same_site:"Strict")driver.manage.add_cookie(name:"foo1",value:"bar",same_site:"Lax")putsdriver.manage.cookie_named('foo')putsdriver.manage.cookie_named('foo1')ensuredriver.quitend
const{Builder}=require('selenium-webdriver');(asyncfunctionsameSiteCookieExample(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser('chrome').build();try{awaitdriver.get('https://www.example.com');// set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'key',value:'value',sameSite:'Strict'});awaitdriver.manage().addCookie({name:'key',value:'value',sameSite:'Lax'});awaitdriver.quit();}catch(e){console.log(e);}})();
//Store the web element
WebElementiframe=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#modal>iframe"));//Switch to the frame
driver.switchTo().frame(iframe);//Now we can click the button
driver.findElement(By.tagName("button")).click();
# Store iframe web elementiframe=driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#modal > iframe")# switch to selected iframedriver.switch_to.frame(iframe)# Now click on buttondriver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,'button').click()
//Store the web elementIWebElementiframe=driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#modal>iframe"));//Switch to the framedriver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe);//Now we can click the buttondriver.FindElement(By.TagName("button")).Click();
# Store iframe web elementiframe=driver.find_element(:css,'#modal > iframe')# Switch to the framedriver.switch_to.frameiframe# Now, Click on the buttondriver.find_element(:tag_name,'button').click
// Store the web element
constiframe=driver.findElement(By.css('#modal > iframe'));// Switch to the frame
awaitdriver.switchTo().frame(iframe);// Now we can click the button
awaitdriver.findElement(By.css('button')).click();
//Store the web element
valiframe=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#modal>iframe"))//Switch to the frame
driver.switchTo().frame(iframe)//Now we can click the button
driver.findElement(By.tagName("button")).click()
//Using the ID
driver.switchTo().frame("buttonframe");//Or using the name instead
driver.switchTo().frame("myframe");//Now we can click the button
driver.findElement(By.tagName("button")).click();
# Switch frame by iddriver.switch_to.frame('buttonframe')# Now, Click on the buttondriver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,'button').click()
//Using the IDdriver.SwitchTo().Frame("buttonframe");//Or using the name insteaddriver.SwitchTo().Frame("myframe");//Now we can click the buttondriver.FindElement(By.TagName("button")).Click();
# Switch by IDdriver.switch_to.frame'buttonframe'# Now, Click on the buttondriver.find_element(:tag_name,'button').click
// Using the ID
awaitdriver.switchTo().frame('buttonframe');// Or using the name instead
awaitdriver.switchTo().frame('myframe');// Now we can click the button
awaitdriver.findElement(By.css('button')).click();
//Using the ID
driver.switchTo().frame("buttonframe")//Or using the name instead
driver.switchTo().frame("myframe")//Now we can click the button
driver.findElement(By.tagName("button")).click()
// Switches to the second frame
driver.switchTo().frame(1);
# Switch to the second framedriver.switch_to.frame(1)
// Switches to the second framedriver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);
# switching to second iframe based on indexiframe=driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('iframe')[1]# switch to selected iframedriver.switch_to.frame(iframe)
// Switches to the second frame
awaitdriver.switchTo().frame(1);
// Switches to the second frame
driver.switchTo().frame(1)
//Store the ID of the original window
StringoriginalWindow=driver.getWindowHandle();//Check we don't have other windows open already
assertdriver.getWindowHandles().size()==1;//Click the link which opens in a new window
driver.findElement(By.linkText("new window")).click();//Wait for the new window or tab
wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2));//Loop through until we find a new window handle
for(StringwindowHandle:driver.getWindowHandles()){if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)){driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);break;}}//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
wait.until(titleIs("Selenium documentation"));
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.support.uiimportWebDriverWaitfromselenium.webdriver.supportimportexpected_conditionsasEC# Start the driverwithwebdriver.Firefox()asdriver:# Open URLdriver.get("https://seleniumhq.github.io")# Setup wait for laterwait=WebDriverWait(driver,10)# Store the ID of the original windoworiginal_window=driver.current_window_handle# Check we don't have other windows open alreadyassertlen(driver.window_handles)==1# Click the link which opens in a new windowdriver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"new window").click()# Wait for the new window or tabwait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))# Loop through until we find a new window handleforwindow_handleindriver.window_handles:ifwindow_handle!=original_window:driver.switch_to.window(window_handle)break# Wait for the new tab to finish loading contentwait.until(EC.title_is("SeleniumHQ Browser Automation"))
//Store the ID of the original windowstringoriginalWindow=driver.CurrentWindowHandle;//Check we don't have other windows open alreadyAssert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count,1);//Click the link which opens in a new windowdriver.FindElement(By.LinkText("new window")).Click();//Wait for the new window or tabwait.Until(wd=>wd.WindowHandles.Count==2);//Loop through until we find a new window handleforeach(stringwindowindriver.WindowHandles){if(originalWindow!=window){driver.SwitchTo().Window(window);break;}}//Wait for the new tab to finish loading contentwait.Until(wd=>wd.Title=="Selenium documentation");
#Store the ID of the original windoworiginal_window=driver.window_handle#Check we don't have other windows open alreadyassert(driver.window_handles.length==1,'Expected one window')#Click the link which opens in a new windowdriver.find_element(link:'new window').click#Wait for the new window or tabwait.until{driver.window_handles.length==2}#Loop through until we find a new window handledriver.window_handles.eachdo|handle|ifhandle!=original_windowdriver.switch_to.windowhandlebreakendend#Wait for the new tab to finish loading contentwait.until{driver.title=='Selenium documentation'}
//Store the ID of the original window
constoriginalWindow=awaitdriver.getWindowHandle();//Check we don't have other windows open already
assert((awaitdriver.getAllWindowHandles()).length===1);//Click the link which opens in a new window
awaitdriver.findElement(By.linkText('new window')).click();//Wait for the new window or tab
awaitdriver.wait(async()=>(awaitdriver.getAllWindowHandles()).length===2,10000);//Loop through until we find a new window handle
constwindows=awaitdriver.getAllWindowHandles();windows.forEach(asynchandle=>{if(handle!==originalWindow){awaitdriver.switchTo().window(handle);}});//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
awaitdriver.wait(until.titleIs('Selenium documentation'),10000);
//Store the ID of the original window
valoriginalWindow=driver.getWindowHandle()//Check we don't have other windows open already
assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size()===1)//Click the link which opens in a new window
driver.findElement(By.linkText("new window")).click()//Wait for the new window or tab
wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2))//Loop through until we find a new window handle
for(windowHandleindriver.getWindowHandles()){if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)){driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle)break}}//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
wait.until(titleIs("Selenium documentation"))
// Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);// Opens a new window and switches to new window
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);
# Opens a new tab and switches to new tabdriver.switch_to.new_window('tab')# Opens a new window and switches to new windowdriver.switch_to.new_window('window')
// Opens a new tab and switches to new tabdriver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab)// Opens a new window and switches to new windowdriver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)
# Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically# The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window# Opens a new tab and switches to new tabdriver.manage.new_window(:tab)# Opens a new window and switches to new windowdriver.manage.new_window(:window)
// Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
awaitdriver.switchTo().newWindow('tab');// Opens a new window and switches to new window
awaitdriver.switchTo().newWindow('window');
// Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB)// Opens a new window and switches to new window
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)
/**
* Example using JUnit
* https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html
*/@AfterAllpublicstaticvoidtearDown(){driver.quit();}
/*
Example using Visual Studio's UnitTesting
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx
*/[TestCleanup]publicvoidTearDown(){driver.Quit();}
//Access each dimension individually
intwidth=driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();intheight=driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();//Or store the dimensions and query them later
Dimensionsize=driver.manage().window().getSize();intwidth1=size.getWidth();intheight1=size.getHeight();
# Access each dimension individuallywidth=driver.get_window_size().get("width")height=driver.get_window_size().get("height")# Or store the dimensions and query them latersize=driver.get_window_size()width1=size.get("width")height1=size.get("height")
//Access each dimension individuallyintwidth=driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width;intheight=driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height;//Or store the dimensions and query them laterSystem.Drawing.Sizesize=driver.Manage().Window.Size;intwidth1=size.Width;intheight1=size.Height;
# Access each dimension individuallywidth=driver.manage.window.size.widthheight=driver.manage.window.size.height# Or store the dimensions and query them latersize=driver.manage.window.sizewidth1=size.widthheight1=size.height
// Access each dimension individually
const{width,height}=awaitdriver.manage().window().getRect();// Or store the dimensions and query them later